This apparently simple question continues to generate substantial controversy. Takamasa Takahashi, a physicist at St. Norbert College in De Pere, Wis., tries a definitive response:
“Cold water doesn’t boil faster than hot water. The rate of heating of a liquid is dependent upon the size of the temperature difference between the liquid and its surroundings (the fire on the stove, for instance). As a result, cold water will be absorbing heat quicker while it’s still cold; after it gets up to the warmth of hot water, then the heating rate slows down and from that point it takes just as long to bring it to a boil as the water that was warm to begin with. Because it requires cold water some time to reach the temperature of warm water, cold water obviously takes longer to boil than hot water does. There may be some psychological effect at play; chilly water begins boiling earlier than you might expect because of the aforementioned greater heat absorption speed when water is colder.
“To the first part of the question–‘Does hot water freeze faster than cold water?’ –the response is’Not generally, but maybe under certain conditions.’ It takes 540 calories to vaporize one g of water, whereas it takes 100 calories to deliver one gram of liquid water from 0 degrees Celsius to 100 degrees C. When water is hotter than 80 degrees C, the rate of cooling by rapid vaporization is very high because every evaporating gram draws at least 540 calories from the water left behind. This is a really large amount of heat compared with the 1 calorie per Celsius degree that is drawn from every gram of water which cools by routine thermal conduction.
“It all depends on how quickly the cooling happens, and it turns out that hot water won’t freeze before cold water but will freeze before lukewarm water. Water at 100 degrees C, for instance, will freeze before water warmer than 60 degrees C but not before water cooler than 60 degrees C. This phenomenon is especially evident when the surface region which cools by accelerated evaporation is large compared with the total amount of water involved, like if you wash a vehicle with hot water on a cold winter day. [For reference, consider Conceptual Physics, by Paul G. Hewitt (HarperCollins, 1993).]
“Another situation where warm water may freeze faster is when a bowl of cold water along with a pan of hot water of equivalent mass are placed in a freezer compartment. There is the effect of evaporation mentioned above, and also the thermal contact with an freezer shelf will cool the bottom region of the body of water. If water is chilly, close to four degrees C (the temperature at which water is densest), subsequently near-freezing water in the bottom increases into the surface. Convection currents will last until the entire body of water is 0 degrees C, at which point all the water eventually freezes. If the water is initially hot, cooled water in the base is denser than the warm water on top, therefore no convection will happen and the bottom part begins freezing while the top is still warm. This effect, together with the evaporation impact, can make hot water freeze faster than cold water sometimes. In cases like this, naturally, the freezer will probably have worked harder throughout the given time period, extracting more heat from warm water.”
Robert Ehrlich of George Mason University, in Fairfax, Va., adds to some of the things made by Takahashi:
“There are just two ways in which warm water could freeze faster than cold water. 1 way [clarified in Jearl Walker’s book The Flying Circus of Physics (Wiley, 1975)] depends on the fact that warm water disappears faster, so that if you began with equal masses of warm and cold water, there would soon be less of the warm water to freeze, and therefore it might overtake the cold water and freeze first, because the lower the bulk, the briefer the freezing time. The other way it could occur (in the event of a flat-bottomed dish of water placed in a freezer) is if the hot water melts the ice below the base of the dish, leading to a superior thermal contact when it refreezes.”

Read more here: http://test.malmass.co.id/?p=9937

This apparently simple question continues to generate considerable controversy. Takamasa Takahashi, a physicist at St. Norbert College in De Pere, Wis., attempts a definitive answer:
“Cold water doesn’t boil faster than hot water. The rate of heating of a liquid is dependent upon the magnitude of the temperature difference between the liquid and its environment (the flame on the stove, for instance). Because of this, cold water will soon be absorbing heat faster while it is still chilly; after it becomes up to the temperature of hot water, the heating rate slows down and from there it takes as long to bring it to a boil as the water which was hot to start with. As it takes cold water some time to make it to the temperature of hot water, cold water obviously takes longer to boil than hot water does. There can be some psychological effect at play; chilly water begins boiling earlier than one might expect because of the aforementioned greater heat absorption speed when water is colder.
“To the first part of the question–‘Does hot water freeze faster than cold water?’ –the response is’Not usually, but possibly under certain conditions.’ It takes 540 calories to vaporize one g of water, whereas it requires 100 calories to bring 1 gram of liquid water from 0 degrees Celsius to 100 degrees C. When water is hotter than 80 degrees C, the rate of cooling by rapid vaporization is very high because every evaporating gram attracts at least 540 calories in the water left behind. This is a very large amount of heat compared with the one calorie per Celsius degree that’s drawn from every gram of water that cools by regular thermal conduction.
“It all is dependent upon how fast the cooling occurs, and it ends up that hot water will not freeze before chilly water but will freeze before lukewarm water. Water at 100 degrees C, for instance, will freeze until water warmer than 60 degrees C but not before water cooler than 60 degrees C. This phenomenon is especially evident when the surface area that cools by rapid evaporation is substantial compared with the total amount of water involved, such as if you wash a car with warm water on a chilly winter day. [For reference, look at Conceptual Physics, by Paul G. Hewitt (HarperCollins, 1993).]
“Another situation in which hot water may freeze faster is when a bowl of cold water and a pan of hot water of equal mass are set in a freezer . There’s the effect of evaporation mentioned above, as well as the thermal contact with the freezer will cool the base part of the entire body of water. If water is cold enough, close to four degrees C (the temperature at which water is densest), subsequently near-freezing water in the bottom will rise to the top. Convection currents will continue until the entire body of water is 0 degrees C, at which time each of the water finally freezes. If the water is initially hot, cooled water in the base is denser than the hot water at the top, so no convection will happen and the bottom part will start freezing while the top remains warm. This effect, combined with the evaporation impact, can make hot water freeze faster than cold water in some cases. In cases like this, naturally, the freezer will probably have worked harder during the specified amount of time, extracting more heat from warm water.”
Robert Ehrlich of George Mason University, in Fairfax, Va., adds to some of the points made by Takahashi:
“There are two ways in which hot water could freeze faster than cold water. One way [described in Jearl Walker’s novel The Flying Circus of Physics (Wiley, 1975)] is determined by the fact that warm water disappears faster, so if you began with equivalent masses of hot and cold water, then there will soon be less of the hot water to freeze, and hence it would overtake the chilly water and freeze first, because the lesser the bulk, the shorter the freezing time. The other way it could happen (in the case of a flat-bottomed dish of water placed in a freezer) is if the warm water melts the ice below the bottom of the dish, then resulting in a superior thermal contact when it refreezes.”

Read more here: http://test.malmass.co.id/?p=9937

This apparently simple question continues to generate substantial controversy. Takamasa Takahashi, a physicist at St. Norbert College in De Pere, Wis., attempts a definitive response:
“Cold water doesn’t boil quicker than warm water. The rate of heating of a liquid depends on the size of the temperature difference between the liquid and its surroundings (the flame on the stove, for example ). As a result, cold water will be consuming heat faster while it is still cold; once it becomes up to the warmth of hot water, the heating rate slows down and from there it takes as long to bring it to a boil since the water that was warm to start with. Because it takes cold water some time to reach the temperature of hot water, cold water clearly takes longer to boil than warm water does. There can be some psychological impact at play; chilly water begins boiling sooner than you might expect because of the aforementioned higher heat absorption rate when water is colder.
“To the first part of the question–‘Does hot water freeze faster than cold water?’ –the response is’Not usually, but maybe under certain conditions.’ It takes 540 calories to vaporize one gram of water, whereas it requires 100 calories to bring one gram of liquid water from 0 degrees Celsius to 100 degrees C. When water is hotter than 80 degrees C, the rate of cooling with rapid vaporization is very high because every evaporating gram attracts at least 540 calories from the water left behind. This is a very large quantity of heat as well as the one calorie per Celsius degree that is drawn from each gram of water which cools by regular thermal conduction.
“It all depends on how quickly the cooling occurs, and it ends up that hot water will not freeze before chilly water but will freeze before lukewarm water. Water at 100 degrees C, by way of instance, will freeze before water warmer than 60 degrees C but not before water cooler than 60 degrees C. This phenomenon is particularly evident when the surface region which cools by accelerated evaporation is substantial compared with the amount of water required, like if you wash a car with warm water on a chilly winter day. [For reference, consider Conceptual Physics, by Paul G. Hewitt (HarperCollins, 1993).]
“Another situation where hot water may freeze faster is when a bowl of cold water along with a pan of warm water of equivalent mass are set in a freezer compartment. There’s the impact of evaporation mentioned above, and also the thermal contact with the freezer shelf will cool the bottom region of the entire body of water. If water is cold enough, close to four degrees C (the temperature at which water is densest), subsequently near-freezing water at the bottom will rise to the top. Convection currents will last until the entire body of water is 0 degrees C, at which time all the water finally freezes. If the water is initially hot, cooled water at the bottom is thicker than the hot water on top, therefore no convection will occur and the bottom part begins freezing while the top remains warm. This effect, combined with the evaporation effect, may create hot water freeze faster than cold water sometimes. In cases like this, naturally, the freezer will probably have worked harder during the specified amount of time, extracting more heat from warm water.”
Robert Ehrlich of George Mason University, in Fairfax, Va., adds to some of the things made by Takahashi:
“There are just two ways in which warm water can freeze faster than cold water. 1 way [described in Jearl Walker’s book The Flying Circus of Physics (Wiley, 1975)] depends on the fact that warm water evaporates faster, so that if you started with equivalent masses of warm and cold water, there will soon be less of the warm water to freeze, and therefore it might overtake the chilly water and freeze , because the lower the mass, the briefer the freezing time. Another way it may happen (in the case of a flat-bottomed dish of water set in a freezer) is when the hot water melts the ice below the bottom of the dish, resulting in a superior thermal contact when it refreezes.”

Read more here: http://test.malmass.co.id/?p=9937

Kentucky Derby co-favorite Omaha Beach (along with Roadster, listed at 7/2 chances on the Westgate SuperBook’s futures board) is coping with a lingering quarter fracture issue that he sustained back at a February race at Santa Anita. The old injury was treated a week with a fresh patch, a new pair of sneakers and has been described as”routine maintenance,” by blacksmith Ben Craft, who has worked on Omaha Beach since the crack was discovered.
The quarter crack should not be an issue. This colt has run well previously with the injury, winning the Rebel Stakes and Arkansas Derby. Trainer Richard Mandella does not play around, and when this horse wasn’t sound and feeling great, he wouldn’t be heading into Louisville.
That being said, an accident is never a good thing about the Triple Crown trail, and even the smallest cut or bruise so near the large race is about.
Still, very few backers of Omaha Beach will jump ship due to his quarter fracture — the injury will have little effect on the wagering.
Where’s the gambling value in Kentucky Derby futures odds?
I believe Omaha Beach will be the post-time favorite from the 2019 Kentucky Derby and will go off at odds between 3/1 and 4/1, therefore the 7/2 futures price provided by the Westgate poses little to no value. The exact same can be stated for Roadster at 7/2, Improbable in 5/1, Maximum Security at 5/1 and Game Winner in 7/1. All these top options have a good prospect of going off at higher odds. Remember, if you bet a horse at the futures and he doesn’t run, you don’t receive your money back as you would on a bet made on Derby Day.
The next tier of costs is a fantastic place to start looking for value. Tacitus and By My Standards are 14/1 here, also if you like those horses, then that seems like a fair price. War of Will in 16/1 and Code of Honor at 18/1 also seem to present decent value, as those chances could be knocked in half by post time.
If you’re looking for a horse with higher odds that might provide value, consider Win Win Win in 30/1. This fellow launched his age-old season with a 7 1/4-length victory from the Pasco Stakes on Jan. 19, breaking the track record. In his last outing, he shut to complete a good second behind Vekoma in the Blue Grass Stakes. In 25/1, this horse is well worth a shot off those efforts.
And if you prefer Win Win Win, you must like Vekoma, winner of the Blue Grass, too. Also at 25/1, Vekoma offers worth.
If you are searching for a 100 horse with a shot, then check out Anothertwistafate (40/1), Haikal (50/1) or Tax (80/1), that have all shown promise and also the potential to jump up and become a star on May 4.
It’s is a wide-open Kentucky Derby this year, and also the preferred will be at least 3/1 at post time. We have to constantly demand value in this match, and if you like one of the top five options in this futures pool, the value just is not there. It’s a wise move.
2019 Kentucky Derby futures chances As of Tuesday, May 23 in Westgate
Omaha Beach 7/2
Roadster 7/2
Improbable 5/1
Maximum Security 5/1
Game Winner 7/1
Tacitus 14/1
By My Standards 14/1
War Of Will 16/1
Code Of Honor 18/1
Vekoma 25/1
Spinoff 25/1
Win Win Win 30/1
Anothertwistafate 40/1
Haikal 50/1
Extended Range Toddy 50/1
Tax 80/1
Cutting Humor 80/1
Country House 80/1
Plus Que Parfait 100/1
Gray Magician 100/1
Bodeexpress 100/1
Master Fencer 100/1
Signalman 100/1
Sueno 300/1

Read more here: http://www.466863.com/archives/4171

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